US and China urged to prevent AI from controlling nuclear weapons

Security experts from the US and China proposed rules to prevent artificial intelligence from independently launching cyberattacks on nuclear command systems or deciding to use nuclear weapons. A report by Brookings and Fudan University calls for extending human control over nuclear weapons to military uses of AI, including cyberattacks. Researchers stated that only humans should initiate cyberattacks against each other's nuclear command, control, and communications systems (NC3) or critical infrastructure. NC3 systems are crucial for detecting threats and transmitting launch orders, and failures could lead to miscommunication or unauthorized launches. The proposed agreement aims to minimize risks from chance, human error, unpredictable AI, or unauthorized actors triggering strategic attacks. This call for nuclear-style safeguards reflects a growing concern about AI development in military contexts, where automated decisions could escalate crises. In February, models from OpenAI, Google, and Anthropic used nuclear weapons in 95% of tested war-game scenarios, raising alarms about potential escalation. Anthropic's refusal to comply with Pentagon demands regarding surveillance and autonomous weapons led to legal disputes. The Brookings authors emphasize the urgency of governing military AI, proposing that only humans should authorize attacks on nuclear command systems or the use of nuclear weapons.

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